El Present Perfect Simple
- El Present Perfect Simple conecta el pasado y el presente al relacionarse con una acción que ocurrió en el pasado pero que tiene un resultado o implicación en el presente.
- Analicemos la siguiente oración: “I have seen this movie before”. El hablante puede querer indicar que no está interesado en ver la película otra vez, o que puede contarnos algo sobre la película. Esto se logra al relacionarse con una acción que se originó en el pasado. La acción se realizó en el pasado, pero tiene un resultado en el presente.
Usamos el Present Perfect Simple para hablar de:
- Experiencias profesionales y personales, logros hasta ahora
- Superlativos
- Situaciones - desde el pasado hasta el presente
- Una acción no completada que estás esperando
- Cuánto se ha completado de una tarea
- Cambios que afectan el presente
- Cuántas veces ha ocurrido algo hasta ahora
- Cosas que acaban de ocurrir y tienen un resultado ahora
- Noticias
| I have been to New York. (experiencia) | She has worked for a big company. (experiencia) |
| This is the best English lesson I've ever had. (superlativo) | This is the biggest swimming pool they have ever built. (superlativo) |
| I have been in New York for 15 years. (estado desde el pasado hasta ahora) | He has known Jack for 9 years. (estado desde el pasado hasta ahora) |
| He hasn't applied for the job yet. (acción no completada) | You haven't bought tickets for the concert yet. (acción no completada) |
| We have booked the caterers already, but haven't sent the invitations yet. (cuánto se ha completado de una tarea) | I have prepared the food, called the guests, but haven't made the cake. (cuánto se ha completado de una tarea) |
| The weather has become colder. (cambios) | The cost of living has gone up. (cambios) |
| It has rained 4 times so far. (cuántas veces ha ocurrido algo hasta ahora) | She has taken the test twice. (cuántas veces ha ocurrido algo hasta ahora) |
| I have just written a letter to him. (algo que acaba de ocurrir) | The shop has just closed. (algo que acaba de ocurrir) |
| Maya and Ben have gotten married. (noticias) | We have moved into a new neighborhood. (noticias) |
Estructura del Present Perfect Simple
I:
I have studied at Bright English.
I have not studied at Bright English.
Have I studied at Bright English?
We:
Ben and I (we) have studied at Bright English.
We have not studied at Bright English.
Have we studied at Bright English?
You:
You have studied at Bright English.
You have not studied at Bright English.
Have you studied at Bright English?
They:
Ben and Maya (they) have studied at Bright English.
They have not studied at Bright English.
Have they studied at Bright English?
He:
Ben (he) has studied at Bright English.
He has not studied at Bright English.
Has he studied at Bright English?
She:
Maya (she) has studied at Bright English.
She has not studied at Bright English.
Has she studied at Bright English?
It:
It (the computer) has studied well.
It has not studied well.
Has it studied well?
Reglas del Present Perfect Simple:
Sujeto + have\has + participio pasado (I have done)
- Usamos la forma verbal d,ed,ied en verbos regulares en lugar del v3 (como broken). Por ejemplo: “I have studied”
- I, we, you, they = have
- He, she, it = has
- Usamos have/has para formar preguntas.
- Usamos haven’t/hasn’t para formar negaciones.
- A diferencia de do, does, did, los auxiliares have/has no eliminan la conjugación del verbo principal. I haven’t seen \ I didn’t see
Expresiones de tiempo comunes en el Present Perfect Simple
Recently, so far, until now, up until now, in my life, ever, never, before, up to date, for, since, already, yet, just, today, this morning, this afternoon, this evening, this week, this month, this year.
