El Past Perfect Progressive
- El Past Perfect Progressive conecta dos puntos en el tiempo en el pasado. Típicamente, nos referimos a un punto en el tiempo en el pasado y a qué actividad, acción o proceso progresivo lo precedió. Este tiempo se usa para proporcionar una imagen más completa de un evento o período en el pasado.
- Examinemos la siguiente oración: “By 2016, I had been working for this company for 3 years.” El hablante proporciona información de contexto y se refiere a qué actividad progresiva precedió a 2016. Esto podría ser una forma de decir que para ese año tenía experiencia o que tenía experiencia relevante que le ayudó con un evento laboral que ocurrió en 2016. Conectamos dos puntos en el tiempo en el pasado: 2016 y lo que vino antes en el contexto del trabajo de esta persona.
Usamos el Past Perfect Progressive para hablar de:
- Un proceso o actividad prolongada que acababa de detenerse y que tuvo un resultado en un punto específico en el pasado
- Procesos o acciones en curso que afectaron un punto en el tiempo en el pasado
- Cuánto tiempo había estado ocurriendo una actividad desde el pasado hasta el presente
- Adivinar una actividad reciente que ha estado ocurriendo o que acaba de detenerse según lo que vemos, oímos, olemos, etc.
| I'd been walking on the Blvd. all morning, I was exhausted, I didn't have the energy to go and play basketball with my friends when they called and asked me to come. (actividad prolongada que acaba de detenerse) | She had been working in the garden since 14:00, her back hurt, that's why she couldn't help you move apartments last Sunday when you called. (actividad prolongada que acaba de detenerse) |
| I remember that time, it was just after Passover, He had been working hard on the website and it started to look great. (proceso reciente en curso con efecto) | It was towards the end of the year, she had a dancing audition coming up and She'd been exercising a lot, she was in great shape. (proceso reciente en curso con efecto) |
| I had been working for Bright English for 3 years. Before taking a job as a high school teacher (actividad – cuánto tiempo) | He had been speaking to Jack for half an hour before he finally gave up and stopped trying to convince him to join us. (actividad – cuánto tiempo) |
| He smelled of alcohol and was walking funny; I thought he had been drinking. (adivinar actividad) | It smelled of food and there were pots on the stove, somebody had been cooking. (adivinar actividad) |
Estractura del Past Perfect Progressive:
I:
I had been studying at Bright English.
I had not been studying at Bright English.
Had I been studying at Bright English?
We:
Ben and I (we) had been studying at Bright English.
We had not been studying at Bright English.
Had we been studying at Bright English?
You:
You had been studying at Bright English.
You had not been studying at Bright English.
Had you been studying at Bright English?
They:
Ben and Maya (they) had been studying at Bright English.
They had not been studying at Bright English.
Had they been studying at Bright English?
He:
Ben (he) had been studying at Bright English.
He had not been studying at Bright English.
Had he been studying at Bright English?
She:
Maya (she) had been studying at Bright English.
She had not been studying at Bright English.
Had she been studying at Bright English?
It:
It (the computer) had been studying well.
It had not been studying well.
Had it been studying well?
Reglas del Past Perfect Progressive:
Sujeto + had + been + verbo.ing (I had been doing)
- Usamos had + been + verbo.ing para formar el Past Perfect Progressive. (I had been talking)
- Usamos had para construir preguntas en el Past Perfect Progressive (ver la tabla anterior).
- Usamos hadn’t para construir negaciones (ver la tabla anterior).
- No usamos el Past Perfect Progressive con verbos como understand, own, dis(like), belong, know, que describen estados inmutables. (I had been liking pizza since I was a kid × incorecto)
- Usamos el Past Perfect Progressive para enfatizar que una actividad es continua y repetida, mientras que en el Past Perfect Simple la actividad ocurrió solo una vez o en un número específico de ocasiones.
Expresiones de tiempo comunes en el Past Perfect Progressive
by 2008, 2009, by the end of___. etc, before + ביטוי זמן, never, ever, for, since, already, yet, just
